BiomedE 211. Circuits and Systems for Biomedical Engineering.
Prerequisite:  Math 214 or Math 216, and Physics 240  I  (4 credits)
Students learn circuits and linear systems concepts necessary for analysis and design of biomedical systems.  Theory is motivated by examples from biomedical engineering.  Topics covered include electrical circuit fundamentals, operational amplifiers, frequency response, electrical transients, impulse response, transfer functions, and convolution, all motivated by circuit and biomedical examples.  Elements of continuous time domain-frequency domain analytical techniques are developed.

BiomedE 221.  Biophysical Chemistry and Thermodynamics
Prerequisite:  Chem 210 and Math 116. Recommend Biology 310 or 311 to be taken concurrently. I (4 credits)
This course covers the physio-chemical concepts and processes relevant to life.  The emphasis lies on the molecular level.  Topics:  Biomimetics; Energy and Driving Forces; Biochemical Equilibria; Aqueous Solutions; Molecular Self-Assembly; Bio-Electrochemistry; Biopolymers; Molecular Recognition and Binding Equilibria in Biology.

BiomedE 231.  Introduction to Biomechanics
Prerequisite:  Math 116  II  (4 credits)
This course provides students with an introduction to topics in biomechanics, including statistics, dynamics, and deformable body mechanics, as they apply to biological tissues and systems.

BiomedE 241. Biomedical Undergraduate Laboratory
Prerequisite: BiomedE 211, 221, 231. I, II (4 credits)
This course provides an introduction to experimentation in circuits, systems, physical chemistry, thermodynamics, and mechanics with emphasis on biological applications. Lectures and laboratories on lab safety, measurement and analysis of physiological systems, operational amplifiers, rate of reaction, heat of reaction, whole body, tissue, and cellular mechanics, probability and statistical analysis.

BiomedE 280. Undergraduate Research
Prerequisite:  permission of instructor. I, II, IIIa, IIIb (1-4 credits)
This course offers research experience to first- and second-year Engineering students in an area of mutual interest to the student and to a faculty member within the College of Engineering. For each hour of credit, it is expected that the student will work three hours per week. The grade for the course will be based on a final project/report evaluated by the faculty sponsor and participation in other required UROP activities, including bimonthly research group meetings and submission of a journal chronicling the research experience.

BiomedE 295. Biomedical Engineering Seminar
Prerequisite:  none. II (1 credit)
This seminar is designed for students interested in the Sequential Graduate/ Undergraduate Study (SGUS) program in which students obtain a B.S.E. degree from a participating engineering department, now including the BME Department, and a M.S. degree from BME. We will explore various BME subdisciplines with the goal of helping students choose an undergraduate major department and to gain an appreciation for the breadth of the field of biomedical engineering.

BiomedE 311.  Biomedical Signals and Systems
Prerequisite:  BiomedE 211, EECS 215, or EECS 314 II  (4 credits)
Theory and practice of signals and systems in both continuous and discrete time domains with examples from biomedical signal processing and control.  Continuous-time linear systems convolution, steady-state responses, Fourier and Laplace transforms, transfer functions, poles and zeros, stability, sampling, feedback.  Discrete-time linear systems:  Z transform, filters, Fourier transform, signal processing.

BiomedE 321.  Bioreaction Engineering and Design
Prerequisite: BiomedE 221, MCDB 310 (MCDB 310 may be concurrent). II (3 credits)
This course will introduce students to topics in enzyme kinetics, enzyme inhibition, mass and energy balance, cell growth and differentiation, cell engineering, bioreactor design, and analysis of the human body, organs, tissues, and cells as bioreactors.  The application of bioreaction/bioreactor principles to tissue engineering will also be discussed.

BiomedE 331.  Introduction to Biofluid Mechanics
Prerequisite:  BiomedE 231 and Math 216.  I  (4 credits)
This course introduces the fundamentals of biofluid dynamics and continuum mechanics, and covers the application of these principles to a variety of biological flows.  Fluid flow in physiology and biotechnology is investigated at a variety of scales, ranging from subcellular to full body.

BiomedE 332.  Introduction to Biosolid Mechanics
Prerequisite:  BiomedE 231  II  (4 credits)
This course covers the fundamentals of continuum mechanics and constitutive modeling relevant for biological tissues.  Constitutive models covered include linear elasticity, nonlinear elasticity, viscoelasticity and poroelasticity.  Structure-function relationships which link tissue morphology and physiology to tissue constitutive models will be covered for skeletal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, abdominal, skin, eye, and nervous tissues.

BiomedE 350. Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation Design
Prerequisite:  none. (4 credits)
Fast-paced introductory course open to all students interested in circuit design. Two terms introductory physics recommended, programming skills helpful. Topics: basic analog and digital circuit applications, sensors, micro power design, data acquisition, computer I/O, electro-mechanical and electro-optical devices, applications to biological and medical research.

BiomedE 401 (ANAT 401). The Human Body: Its Structure and Function
I (4 credits)
A lecture-oriented, multi-media course that highlights the basic fabric of the human body as a functioning biological organism. A blend of gross anatomy, histology, developmental anatomy and neuroanatomy that takes the human body from conception to death while dealing with organization at all levels from cells to systems, system interrelations, and key features of select anatomical regions.

BiomedE 410 (MSE 410) (MACROMOL 410). Design and Applications of Biomaterials
Prerequisite: MSE 220 or 250 or permission of instructor. I (4 credits)
Biomaterials and their physiological interactions. Materials used in medicine/dentistry metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, resorbable smart, natural materials. Material response/degradation: mechanical breakdown, corrosion, dissolution, leaching, chemical degradation, wear. Host responses: foreign body reactions, inflammation, wound healing, carcinogenicity, immunogenicity, cytotoxicity, infection, local/systemic effects.

BiomedE 417 (EECS 417). Electrical Biophysics
Prerequisite: BiomedE 211 and 311, or EECS 215 and 216 or graduate standing. II (4 credits)
Electrical biophysics of nerve and muscle; electrical conduction in excitable tissue; quantitative models for nerve and muscle including the Hodgkin Huxley equations; biopotential mapping, cardiac electrophysiology, and functional electrical stimulation; group projects. Lecture and recitation.

BiomedE 418. Quantitative Cell Biology
Prerequisite: MCDB 310, 311, Biological Chemistry 415, 451, or 515, Physics 240, Math 216, Chemistry 130. II (4 credits)
This course introduces the fundamentals of cell structure and functioning. The goal is to provide a general background in cell biology, with emphasis placed on physical aspects that are of particular interest to engineers.

BiomedE 419. Quantitative Physiology
Prerequisite: MCBD 310 or 311. I (4 credits)
Quantitative Physiology provides learning opportunities for senior undergraduate and graduate students to understand and develop competencies in a quantitative, research oriented, systems approach to physiology. Systems examined include cellular; musculoskeletal; cardiovascular; respiratory; endocrine; gastrointestinal; and renal. Mathematical models and engineering analyses are used to describe system performance where applicable. Lectures and problem sessions are used for instruction, and performance is evaluated based on homework problem sets.

BiomedE 424. (ME 424) Engineering Acoustics
Prerequisite: Math 216 and Physics 240. II (3 credits)
Vibrating systems; acoustic wave equation; plane and spherical waves in  fluid media; reflection and transmission at interfaces; propagation in lossy media; radiation and reception of acoustic waves; pipes, cavities and waveguides; resonators and filters; noise; selected topics in physiological, environmental and architectural acoustics.

BiomedE 430. Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology
Prerequisite: Previous or simultaneous registration in IOE 333 or IOE 433 or instructor approval. I (3 credits)
This is a lecture course which surveys the design and application of rehabilitation engineering and assistive technologies in a wide range of areas, including wheeled mobility, seating and positioning, environmental control, computer access, augmentative communication, sensory aids, as well as emerging technologies.

BiomedE 450. Biomedical Design
Prerequisite: BiomedE 458 and senior or graduate standing. II (4 credits)
Interdisciplinary design groups carry out biomedical instrumentation design projects. Projects are sponsored by Medical School and College of Engineering research labs and local industry. Students are exposed to the entire design process: design problem definition, generation of a design specification, documentation, design review process, prototype fabrication, testing and calibration.

BiomedE 456 (ME 456). Biomechanics
Prerequisite: BiomedE 231 or ME 211. I (3 credits)
Definition of biological tissue and orthopaedic device mechanics, including elastic, viscoelastic and non-linear elastic behavior. Emphasis on structure function relationships. Overview of tissue adaption and the interaction between tissue mechanics and physiology.

BiomedE 458 (EECS 458). Biomedical Instrumentation and Design
Prerequisite:  BiomedE 211 or EECS 215 or EECS 314, and IOE 265 or graduate standing. I, II (4 credits)
Measurement and analysis of biopotentials and biomedical transducer characteristics; electrical safety; applications of FET's, integrated circuits, operational amplifiers for signal processing and computer interfacing; signal analysis and display on the laboratory minicomputer. Lecture and laboratory.

BiomedE 464 (Math 464). Inverse Problems
Prerequisite: Math 217, Math 417, or Math 419; and Math 216, Math 256, Math 286, or Math 316. II (3 credits)
Mathematical concepts used in the solution of inverse problems and analysis of related forward operators is discussed. Topics include ill-posedness, singular-value decomposition, generalized inverses, and regularization. Inverse problems considered (e.g., tomography, inverse scattering, image restoration, inverse heat conduction) are problems in biomedical engineering with analogs throughout science and engineering.

BiomedE 476 (ME 476). Biofluid Mechanics
Prerequisite: BiomedE 331 or ME 320. II (4 credits)
This is an intermediate level fluid mechanics course which uses examples from biotechnology processes and physiologic applications, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, ocular, renal, musculo-skeletal, and gastrointestinal system.

BiomedE 479. Biotransport
Prerequisite: Math 216, BiomedE 331 or ME 330, or permission of instructor. II (4 credits)
Fundamentals of mass and heat transport as they relate to living systems. Convection, diffusion, active transport, osmosis and conservation of momentum, mass and energy will be applied to cellular and organ level transport. Examples from circulatory, respiratory, renal and ocular physiology will be examined.

BiomedE 481 (NERS 481). Engineering Principles of Radiation Imaging
Prerequisite: none. II (2 credits) 
Analytic description of radiation production, transport and detection in radiation imaging systems. Measurements methods for image quality and statistical performance of observers. Systems for radiographic and radioisotope imaging, including film/screen, storage phosphor, and electronic radiography, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, Anger camera, and PET systems. Emphasis on impact of random process on observer detection.

BiomedE 484 (NERS 484). Radiological Health Engineering Fundamentals
Prerequisite: NERS 312 or equivalent or permission of instructor. I (4 credits)
Fundamental physics behind radiological health engineering and topics in quantitative radiation protection. Radiation quantities and measurement, regulations and enforcement, external and internal dose estimation, radiation biology, radioactive waste issues, radon gas, emergencies, and wide variety of radiation sources from health physics perspective.

BiomedE 490. Directed Research
I, II, IIIa, IIIb, III (1-4 credits)
Provides an opportunity for undergraduate students to perform directed research devoted to Biomedical Engineering.

BiomedE 495. Introduction to Bioengineering
Prerequisite: permission of instructor; mandatory pass/fail. I (1 credit)
Definition of scope, challenge, and requirements of the bioengineering field. Faculty members review engineering-life sciences interdisciplinary activities as currently pursued in the College of Engineering and Medical School.

BiomedE 499. Special Topics
I, II, IIIa, IIIb, III (1-4 credits)
Topics of special interest selected by faculty. Lecture, seminar or laboratory.

BiomedE 500 (UC 500). Biomedical Engineering Seminar
Mandatory, satisfactory/unsatisfactory. I , II (1 credit)
This seminar will feature various bioengineering-related speakers.

BiomedE 506 (ME 506). Computational Modeling of Biological Tissues 
Prerequisite: none (3 credits)
Biological tissues have multiple scales and can adapt to their physical environment. This course focuses on visualization and modeling of tissue physics and adaptation. Examples include electrical conductivity of heart muscle and mechanics of hard and soft tissues. Homogenization theory is used for multiple scale modeling.

BiomedE 510. Medical Imaging Laboratory
Prerequisite: BiomedE 516 or permission of instructor. II (3 credits)
This course provides the student practical, hands-on experience with research grade, medical imaging systems including x-ray, magnetic resonance, nuclear medicine, and ultrasound. Participants rotate through each of the respective areas and learn about and perform experiments to support previous theoretical instruction.

BiomedE 516 (EECS 516). Medical Imaging Systems
Prerequisite: EECS 451. I (3 credits)
Principles of modern medical imaging systems. For each modality the basic physics is described, leading to a systems model of the imager. Fundamental similarities between the imaging equations of different modalities will be stressed. Modalities covered include radiography, x-ray computed tomography (CT), NMR imaging (MRI) and real-time ultrasound.

BiomedE 519 (Physiol 519). Bioengineering Physiology
Prerequisite: MCDB 310 or equivalent, permission of instructor. I (4 credits)
Quantitative description of the structure and function of mammalian systems, including the neuromuscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and endocrine systems. Mathematical models are used to describe system performance where applicable. Lectures, laboratories, and problem sessions.

BiomedE 525 (Microb 525). Cellular and Molecular Networks
Prerequisite: Biology 105 or Biology 112 and Math 215. II (3 credits)
This course is designed to equip the student with appropriate concepts and techniques for the quantitative analysis of the integrated behavior of complex biochemical systems. A general approach is developed from the basic postulates of enzyme catalysis and is illustrated with numerous specific examples, primarily from the microbial cell.

BiomedE 530. Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology Lab I
Prerequisite: previous or simultaneous registration in BiomedE 430. I (1 credit)
This is a lab course which provides hands-on experience in the use of assistive technologies and in-depth consideration of rehabilitation engineering research and design of assistive technologies for a wide range of areas, including environmental control, computer access, augmentative communication, wheeled mobility, sensory aids, and seating and positioning.

BiomedE 533 (Kine 530). Neuromechanics
Prerequisite: Graduate standing. I (3 credits)
Course focuses on interactions of the nervous and musculoskeletal system during human and animal movement with a focus on basic biological and engineering principles. Topics will include neurorehabilitation, and computer simulations of neuromechanical systems. No previous knowledge of neuroscience or mechanics is assumed.

BiomedE 534 (IOE 534) (Mfg 534). Occupational Biomechanics
Prerequisite: IOE 333, IOE 334 or IOE 433 (EIH 556). II (3 credits)
Anatomical and physiological concepts are introduced to understand and predict human motor capabilities, with particular emphasis on the evaluation and design of manual activities in various occupations. Quantitative models are developed to explain: (1) muscle strength performance; (2) cumulative and acute musculoskeletal injury; (3) physical fatigue; and (4) human motion control.

BiomedE 550. Ethics and Enterprise
Prerequisite: none. I (1 credit)
Ethics, technology transfer, and technology protection pertaining to biomedical engineering are studied. Ethics issues range from the proper research conduct to identifying and managing conflicts of interest. Technology transfer studies the process and its influences on relationships between academia and industry.

BiomedE 551 (Bioinf 551) (Chem 551) (BiolChem 551).  Proteome Informatics 
Prerequisite: Biological Chemistry and calculus. (3 credits) 
Introduction to proteomics, from experimental procedures to data organization and analysis.  Basic syllabus: sample preparation and separations, mass spectrometry, database search analysis, de novo sequence analysis, characterizing post translational modifications, medical applications.  Further topics may include, e.g.: 2-D gels, protein-protein interactions, protein microarrays.  Research literature seminars required. 

BiomedE 552. Biomedical Optics
Prerequisite: Math 216. I (3 credits)
This course provides students with an understanding of current research in biomedical optics. Topics include: fundamental theoretical principles of tissue optics; computational approaches to light transport in tissues; optical instrumentation; an overview of applications in clinical optical diagnostics and laser-based therapy; an introduction to biomedical microscopy and applications in biophotonic technology.

BiomedE 556. Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics
Prerequisite: Senior standing. I (3 credits)
This course will focus on how biomechanical and biophysical properties of subcellular structures can be determined and interpreted to reveal the workings of biological nano-machines.

BiomedE 559 (EECS 559). Advanced Signal Processing
Prerequisite: EECS 451 and EECS 501. II (3 credits)
Advanced techniques include general orthonormal bases; SVD methods; pattern recognition/classification; spectral estimation, including classical and modern; time-frequency and time-scale; nonlinear filtering, including rank order filtering. Illustrations will be drawn from a variety of signals and images. Random processes are an important component of the methods.

BiomedE 561. Biological Micro-and Nanotechnology
Prerequisite: Biology 172, Intro Physics and Chemistry, senior standing or permission of instructor. I (3 credits)
Many life processes occur at small size-scales. This course covers scaling laws, biological solutions to coping with or taking advantage of small size, micro- and nanofabrication techniques, biochemistry, and biomedical applications (genomics, proteomics, cell biology, diagnostics, etc.). There is an emphasis on micro fluidics, surface science, and non-traditional fabrication techniques.

BiomedE 569 (EECS 569). Signal Analysis in Biosystems
Prerequisite: EECS 451 and EECS 501 or permission of instructor. II (3 credits)
This course will present a variety of techniques for the analysis and understanding of biological signals and biosystems. Both signals of biological nature and images will be discussed. Techniques will include signal representation, time frequency and wavelet analysis, nonlinear filtering (median and rank order) and pattern recognition including neural networks.

BiomedE 580 (NERS 580). Computation Projects in Radiation Imaging
Prerequisite: preceded or accompanied by NERS 481. II (1 credit)
Computational projects illustrate principles of radiation imaging from NERS 481 (BiomedE 481). Students will model the performance of radiation systems as a function of design variables. Results will be in the form of computer displayed images. Students will evaluate results using observer experiments. Series of weekly projects are integrated to describe the performance of imaging systems.

BiomedE 582 (NERS 582). Medical Radiological Health Engineering
Prerequisite: NERS 484 (BiomedE 484) or graduate status. II (3 credits)
This course covers the fundamental approaches to radiation protection in radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, and research environments at medical facilities. Topics presented include health effects, radiation dosimetry and dose estimation, quality control of imaging equipment, regulations, licensing and health physics program design.

BiomedE 584 (ChemE 584) (Biomaterials 584). Tissue Engineering
Prerequisite: MCDB 310 or 311, ChemE 517, or equivalent biology course; senior standing. II (3 credits)
Fundamental engineering and biological principles underlying field of tissue engineering are studied, along with specific examples and strategies to engineer specific tissues for clinical use (e.g., skin). Student design teams propose new approaches to tissue engineering challenges.

BiomedE 590. Directed Research
Mandatory, satisfactory/unsatisfactory. (to be arranged)
Provides opportunity for bioengineering students to participate in the work of laboratories devoted to living systems studies.

BiomedE 591. Thesis
Prerequisite: 2 hrs of BiomedE 590; mandatory satisfactory/ unsatisfactory. I, II, III (credit to be arranged)
To be elected by bioengineering students pursuing the master's thesis option. May be taken more than once up to a total of 6 credit hours. Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis only.

BiomedE 599. Special Topics I, II
I, II (1-6 credits)
Topics of current interest selected by the faculty. Lecture, seminar or laboratory.

BiomedE 616 (ChemE 616). Analysis of Chemical Signalling
Prerequisite: Math 216, Biochemistry 415. II (3 credits)
Quantitative analysis of chemical signalling systems, including receptor/ligand binding and trafficking, signal transduction and second messenger production, and cellular responses such as adhesion and migration.

BiomedE 635 (IOE 635). Laboratory in Biomechanics and Physiology of Work
Prerequisite: IOE 534 (BiomedE 534). II (2 credits)
This laboratory is offered in conjunction with the Occupational Biomechanics lecture course (IOE 534) to enable students to examine experimentally: (1) musculoskeletal reactions to volitional acts; (2) the use of electromyography (EMG's) to evaluate muscle function and fatigue; (3) biomechanical models; (4) motion analysis systems; and (5) musculoskeletal reactions to vibrations.

BiomedE 646 (ME 646). Mechanics of Human Movement
Prerequisite: ME 540 (Aero 540) or ME 543 or equivalent. II alternate years (3 credits)
Dynamics of muscle and tendon, models of muscle contraction. Kinematics and dynamics of the human body, methods for generating equations of motion. Mechanics of proprioceptors and other sensors. Analysis of human movement, including gait, running, and balance. Computer simulations and discussion of experimental measurement techniques.

BiomedE 990. Dissertation/Pre-Candidate
I, II, III (1-8 credits); IIIa, IIIb (1-4 credits)
Dissertation work by doctoral student not yet admitted to status as candidate. The defense of the dissertation, that is, the final oral examination, must be held under a full-term candidacy enrollment.

BiomedE 995. Dissertation/Candidate
Prerequisite: Graduate School authorization for admission as a doctoral candidate. I, II, III (8 credits); IIIa, IIIb (4 credits)
Election for dissertation work by a doctoral student who has been admitted to candidate status. The defense of the dissertation, that is, the final oral examination, must be held under a full-term candidacy enrollment.